Nsalu zosalukidwa/zosalukidwa, ngati nsalu zosakhala zachikhalidwe, ndizofunikira komanso zofunika kwambiri pagulu lamakono chifukwa cha mawonekedwe ake apadera komanso ntchito zambiri. Amagwiritsa ntchito kwambiri njira zakuthupi kapena zamankhwala kuti azilumikiza ndi kuluka ulusi pamodzi, kupanga nsalu yokhala ndi mphamvu komanso kufewa. Pali matekinoloje osiyanasiyana opangira nsalu zosalukidwa, ndipo njira zosiyanasiyana zopangira zimapatsa nsalu zosalukidwa mawonekedwe osiyanasiyana kuti akwaniritse zosowa zosiyanasiyana zogwiritsira ntchito.
M'mafakitale ambiri monga moyo watsiku ndi tsiku, mafakitale, ndi zomangamanga, nsalu zosalukidwa zitha kuwoneka zikugwira ntchito yawo:
1. Pankhani ya zaumoyo: masks, mikanjo ya opaleshoni, zovala zotetezera, zovala zachipatala, zopukutira zaukhondo, ndi zina zotero.
2. Zida zosefera: zosefera za mpweya, zosefera zamadzimadzi, zolekanitsa madzi amafuta, etc.
3. Geotechnical zipangizo: ngalande network, anti-seepage membrane, geotextile, etc.
4. Zovala za zovala: zovala zopangira zovala, zophimba, mapepala a mapewa, ndi zina zotero.
5. Zinthu zapakhomo: zofunda, nsalu zapatebulo, makatani, ndi zina.
6. Mkati mwa magalimoto: mipando yamagalimoto, denga, makapeti, etc.
7. Zina: zonyamula katundu, olekanitsa batire, zipangizo zamagetsi kutchinjiriza mankhwala, etc.
Njira zazikulu zopangira nsalu zosalukidwa ndi izi:
1. Njira ya Meltblown: Njira ya Meltblown ndi njira yosungunulira zida za thermoplastic fiber, kuzipopera pa liwiro lalikulu kuti zipange ulusi wabwino, ndiyeno kuzilumikiza pamodzi kupanga nsalu zosalukidwa panthawi yozizira.
-Kuyenda kwanjira: kudyetsa polima → kusungunula kutulutsa → kupangidwa kwa ulusi → kuziziritsa kwa ulusi → kupanga ukonde → kulimbikitsanso kukhala nsalu.
-Zowoneka: Ulusi wabwino, kusefera kwabwino.
-Kugwiritsa ntchito: Zida zosefera zogwira mtima, monga masks ndi zida zosefera zamankhwala.
2. Njira ya Spunbond: Njira ya Spunbond ndi njira yosungunula zipangizo zamtundu wa thermoplastic, kupanga ulusi wosalekeza kupyolera mu kutambasula kothamanga kwambiri, ndiyeno kuziziritsa ndi kumangiriza mu mpweya kupanga nsalu zopanda nsalu.
-Kuthamanga kwa ma polima → kutambasula kuti mupange ulusi → kuyika mu mauna → kulumikiza (kudzimangiriza pawekha, kulumikiza kutentha, kulumikiza mankhwala, kapena kulimbitsa makina). Ngati chodzigudubuza chozungulira chimagwiritsidwa ntchito kukakamiza, mfundo zotentha zokhazikika (ma pockmark) nthawi zambiri zimawoneka pa nsalu yoponderezedwa.
-Zowoneka: Katundu wamakina wabwino komanso mpweya wabwino kwambiri.
-Mapulogalamu: zida zamankhwala, zovala zotayidwa, zinthu zapakhomo, ndi zina.
Pali kusiyana kwakukulu mu microstructure pakati pa nsalu zopanda nsalu zopangidwa ndi spunbond (kumanzere) ndi njira zosungunuka pamlingo womwewo. Mu njira ya spunbond, ulusi ndi mipata ya ulusi ndi yayikulu kuposa yomwe imapangidwa ndi njira ya meltblown. Ichi ndichifukwa chakenso nsalu zosalukidwa zosungunuka zokhala ndi mipata yaying'ono ya ulusi zimasankhidwa pansalu zosalukidwa mkati mwa masks.
Nthawi yotumiza: Sep-19-2024